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SDG 3: Ensure Healthy Lives & Promote Wellbeing For All AT All Stages

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SDG 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIVES & PROMOTE WELLBEING FOR ALL AT ALL STAGES

Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations in 2015. The goal is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE GOAL

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development reflects this complexity, addressing various aspects:

  • Economic and Social Inequalities: Disparities in health outcomes are often tied to economic and social inequalities. Poorer populations face higher risks of poor health, which can perpetuate cycles of poverty and hinder overall development.
  • Urbanization: Rapid urban growth can strain health systems and infrastructure, leading to challenges such as inadequate healthcare access, environmental hazards, and increased disease transmission.
  • Climate and Environmental Threats: Environmental degradation and climate change impact health by affecting clean water access, air quality, and the prevalence of disease vectors.
  • Infectious Diseases: Persistent challenges like HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria continue to burden global health systems.
  • Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): The rise in NCDs such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer requires significant attention and resources for prevention and treatment.
  • Mental Health: There’s a growing recognition of the need to address mental health issues alongside physical health.

SDG 3 Targets:

RECENT PROGRESS & CHALLENGES

  • Under-5 Mortality: As of recent reports, 146 out of 200 countries are meeting or on track to meet the target for reducing under-5 mortality rates.
  • HIV/AIDS: Effective treatments have reduced AIDS-related deaths globally by 52% since 2010.
  • Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs): At least one NTD has been eliminated in 47 countries.

Ongoing Challenges:

  • COVID-19 Impact: The pandemic disrupted health systems globally, causing setbacks in immunization programs and leading to increased deaths from diseases like tuberculosis and malaria.
  • Health Inequalities: Significant disparities in healthcare access persist, especially affecting vulnerable and marginalized populations.

SDG 3 & INDIA

SDG India Index Score:

  • States: Scores range from 56 to 90.
  • Union Territories (UTs): Scores range from 65 to 93.
  • Top Performers: Gujarat (States) and Delhi (UTs).
  • Front Runners: 23 States and 8 UTs achieved scores between 65 and 100.
  • Performers: 5 States are categorized as Performers.

KEY INDICATORS & ACHIEVEMENTS

1. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR):

  • Current Ratio: 97 per 100,000 live births.
  • Target: Less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.
  • Top Performers: Kerala, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Karnataka.

2. Under-5 Mortality Rate:

  • Current Rate: 32 per 1,000 live births (2018–2020).
  • Target: 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030.
  • Top Performers: Kerala (8 per 1,000 live births), 9 States and 2 UTs have achieved the target.
  • Immunization Coverage:
    • Current Coverage:23% (2023–2024).
    • Top Performers: Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Lakshadweep, Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi.
  • Tuberculosis Notification:
    • Current Notification Rate:13% (2023).
    • Top Performers: Gujarat (101.27%), Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • HIV Incidence:
    • Current Incidence:05 per 1,000 uninfected population (2019–2022).
    • Top Performers: Kerala (0.01), Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh among UTs.
  • Life Expectancy:
    • Current Life Expectancy: 70 years.
    • Top Performers: Delhi (75.8 years), Kerala (75 years).
  • Suicide Rate:
    • Current Rate: 12 per 100,000 population (2022).
    • Top Performers: Bihar (1 per 100,000 population).
  • Road Traffic Accidents:
    • Current Rate: 12 per 100,000 population (2022).
    • Top Performers: Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep.
  • Institutional Deliveries:
    • Current Rate:18% (2023–2024).
    • Top Performer: Lakshadweep (100%).
  • Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure:
    • Lowest Expenditure: Chhattisgarh (6.6% of MPCE).
    • Highest Expenditure: Kerala, Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Health Worker Density:
    • Current Density: 49 health workers per 10,000 population (2019).
    • Top Performers: Kerala (03 per 10,000), Delhi (79.04 per 10,000).

GOVT. INITIATIVES

  • National Health Mission (NHM):
    • Objective: Improve access to affordable, quality healthcare, especially for rural populations and vulnerable groups. Focuses on public health services related to women’s health, child health, sanitation, and nutrition.
  • Ayushman Bharat Health Insurance Scheme:
    • Objective: Provide free healthcare services to the poor and underprivileged, covering serious illnesses for approximately 500 million people.
  • National Programme for Health Care for the Elderly (NPHCE):
    • Objective: Offer specialized healthcare for the elderly, including outreach services.
  • Immunization Efforts:
    • Progress: Significant achievements in vaccines against diseases like measles, polio, and tetanus. The COVID-19 vaccination program covered over 90% of the population.
  • Malaria Eradication:
    • Objective: Reduce malaria incidence and deaths. Achievements include a 24% reduction in malaria cases from 2016 to 2017 and a 28% reduction from 2017 to 2018.
  • Tobacco Control Measures:
    • Objective: Reduce tobacco use through the National Tobacco Control Program, including measures like taxation, advertising restrictions, and health warnings.
  • Promoting Health Awareness:
    • Objective: Improve rural health through various programs focusing on water management, agriculture, and nutrition.
    • The E-Poshan Kendra project provides information on nutrition, health, and sanitation, and organizes vaccination drives.

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