ASTR: How govt’s AI and face recognition tool will detect phone frauds
Context- The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has developed an artificial-intelligence-based facial recognition tool that it claims has the capability of running checks on subscriber databases of telecom operators to deduce whether it contains multiple connections associated with the same person.
(Credits- Indian Express)
The DoT claims the tool — called Artificial Intelligence and Facial Recognition powered Solution for Telecom SIM Subscriber Verification (ASTR)— can potentially bring down cyber frauds by detecting and blocking possible fraudulent mobile connections.
The origins of ASTR
- In 2012, DoT had issued an order to all telecom operators that they would have to share their subscriber database including users’ pictures with the department. These images constitute the core database on which authorities are running their facial recognition algorithm using ASTR.
- A pilot project was launched in Haryana’s Mewat region to test ASTR’s feasibility. It is understood that before the ASTR pilot project, there were approximately 16.69 lakh SIMs in Mewat, of which close to 5 lakh SIMs across all telecom operators were detected to be fraudulent.
How ASTR works
- According to a case study paper authored by DoT’s Naveen Jakhar, human faces in subscribers’ images are encoded using convolutional neural network (CNN) models in order to account for the tilt and angle of the face, opaqueness and dark colour of the images.
- After that, a face comparison is carried out for each face against all faces in the database, and similar faces are grouped under one directory.
- Two faces are concluded to be identical by ASTR if they match to the extent of at least 97.5 per cent. As per Jakhar’s paper, ASTR is capable of detecting all SIMs against a suspected face in less than 10 seconds from a database of 1 crore images.
- The DoT allows an individual to take nine legitimate mobile phone connections using a single identity proof. In essence, what the ASTR does is –
- 1) it looks up if there are more than nine connections against a single individual’s photograph;
- 2) it runs a search through the database to see if the same person has taken SIMs under different names.
What happens next
- Once the DoT has determined that a set of numbers have been obtained by people through fraudulent means, it shares a list of those connections with telecom operators to block.
- According to the Ministry of Communication, an analysis of more than 87 crore mobile connections was carried out using ASTR in the first phase, where more than 40 lakh cases of people using a single photograph to obtain mobile connections were detected. After “due verification”, more than 36 lakh connections were discontinued by telecom operators.
- The same list is also shared with banks, payment wallets, and social media platforms for disengaging these numbers from their respective platforms.
Syllabus- Prelims; Current Affairs
Source- Indian Express
