Special Marriage Act, 1954

Special Marriage Act, 1954

• The Special Marriage Act, 1954is an Act of the Parliament of India with provision for civil marriage (or “registered marriage”) for people of India and all Indian nationals in foreign countries, irrelevant of the religion or faith followed by either party.

• The Act originated from a piece of legislation proposed during the late 19th century. Marriages solemnized under Special Marriage Act are not governed by personal laws.

The Special Marriage Act, 1954 replaced the old Act III, 1872. The new enactment had three major objectives: 

1. To provide a special form of marriage in certain cases,
2. to provide for registration of certain marriages and,
3. to provide for divorce.

Applicability:

1. Any person, irrespective of religion.
2. Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Christians, Parsis, or Jews can also perform marriage under the Special Marriage Act, 1954.
3. Inter-religion marriages are performed under this Act.
4. This Act is applicable to the entire territory of India and extends to intending spouses who are both Indian nationals living abroad.
5. Indian national living abroad.

Requirements under the Act:

1. The marriage performed under the Special Marriage Act, 1954 is a civil contract and accordingly, there need be no rites or ceremonial requirements.
2. The parties have to file a Notice of Intended Marriage in the specified form to the Marriage Registrar of the district in which at least one of the parties to the marriage has resided for a period of not less than thirty days immediately preceding the date on which such notice is given.
3. After the expiration of thirty days from the date on which notice of an intended marriage has been published, the marriage may be solemnised, unless it has been objected to by any person.
4. The marriage may be solemnised at the specified Marriage Office.
5. Marriage is not binding on the parties unless each party states “I, (A), take thee (B), to be my lawful wife (or husband),” in the presence of the Marriage Officer and three witnesses.

Conditions for the Marriage:

1. Each party involved should have no other subsisting valid marriage. In other words, the resulting marriage should be monogamous for both parties.
2. The groom must be at least 21 years old; the bride must be at least 18 years old.
3. The parties should be competent in regard to their mental capacity to the extent that they are able to give valid consent for the marriage.
4. The parties should not fall within the degree of prohibited relationship.
5. Court Marriage is a union of two soul where oath ceremony is performed according to Special Marriage Act-1954 before the Registrar of Marriage in the presence of three witnesses thereafter a court marriage certificate is issued directly by the Registrar of Marriage appointed by the Govt. of India.

Syllabus: Prelims + Mains; GS II- Polity and Governance